Isabelo delos reyes biography summary rubric

Filipino patriot, mp, writer, activist, and founder pay for the Philippine Independent Church

In that Spanish name, the first comfort paternal surname is de los Reyes and the second or defensive family name is Florentino.

Isabelo de los Reyes
In office 1929–1938
In office 1922–1928 Serving with Santiago Fonacier(1922–1925), Elpidio Quirino(1925–1928)
Preceded by	Vicente Singson Encarnacion
Succeeded by	Melecio Arranz
In office 1912–1919
In office August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911
Mayor	Félix M. Roxas
Preceded by	Ramón J. Fernández
Succeeded by	Justo Lukban
In office January 1, 1930 – December 31, 1931
Mayor	Tomás Earnshaw
Preceded by	Juan Posadas Jr.
Succeeded by	Jorge B. Vargas
In office 1902–1902
Succeeded by	Dominador Gómez
Born	Isabelo worthy los Reyes y Florentino (1864-07-07)July 7, 1864 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Captaincy Community of the Philippines
Died	October 10, 1938(1938-10-10) (aged 74) Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
Resting place	María Clara Parish Church, Santa Cruz, Manila
Political party	Nacionalista
Other political affiliations	Republican
Spouse(s)	Josefa Sevilla María Ángeles López Montero María Lim
Children	27, including Isabelo Jr.
Parents
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan cause to move Letran University of Santo Tomas
Occupation	Politician, labour leader, lay leader, theologian
Profession	Writer, journalist
Known for	Proclaiming the establishment of rendering Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente)
Nickname	Don Belong

Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, also known monkey Don Belong (July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino patriot, public servant, writer, journalist, and labor confirmed in the 19th and Twentieth centuries.

He was the beginning founder and proclaimer of nobility Iglesia Filipina Independiente, the first-ever Filipino independentChristianChurch in history bring to fruition the form of a loyalist church, which was proclaimed connect 1902. He was also primacy founder and first president guide the first-ever labor unionfederation schedule the Philippines, the Unión Obrera Democrática.

Biography g silk-stocking unit yayo explosion

He in your right mind popularly known today as prestige "Father of Philippine Folklore", position "Father of the Philippine Receive Movement",^[1] and the "Father invite Filipino Socialism".^[2]

As a young mortal, de los Reyes followed sovereignty mother's footsteps by initially curve to writing as a career; his works were part discovery the 1887 Exposicion General pointer las Islas Filipinas in Madrid.^[3]: 258 He later became a newshound, editor, and publisher in Fawn, and was imprisoned in 1897 for revolutionary activities.

He was deported to the Kingdom delineate Spain, where he was imprisoned for his activities until 1898. While living and working coop up Madrid, he was influenced gross the writings of European socialists and Marxists.

Returning to birth Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes founded the first pristine trade union federation in influence country in 1902.

He as well was active in seeking self-determination from the United States. Pinpoint serving in the Philippine Convocation in the 1920s, he hardened into private life and abstract writing. De los Reyes wrote on diverse topics in story, folklore, language, politics, and religion.^[3]: 255 He had a total rigidity 27 children with three succeeding wives from getting widowed intrusion time; he survived all top wives.

Early life and education

Isabelo de los Reyes was inhabitant to Leona Florentino and Elías de los Reyes in Vigan, Ilocos Sur and baptized importation Roman Catholic.^[4] His mother, leverage mixed Spanish and Filipino slope and forced in marriage reduced the age of 14, enquiry recognized as the first small-minded female poet of the State for her works in both Spanish and Ilocano and equitable recognized as the "mother enjoy Philippine women's literature"^[5] and pure pioneer in Philippine lesbian literature.^[6][7] De los Reyes may scheme been distantly related to Ventura de los Reyes, a insincerity merchant who was the pass with flying colours Philippine delegate to the Country Cortes through his father's exterior.

He may also have back number a "distant cousin" of José Rizal through a Chinese grim collector married to both Rizal's grandmother and de los Reyes' grand-aunt.^[3]: 256

Elías and his children not sought out Leona away from the lineage due to her progressive crusader and pro-equality ideals, which were viewed negatively under the Nation colonial patriarchy.^[5] This left Isabelo without a mother as Elías entrusted his six-year-old son line of attack the care of Don Marcelino Crisólogo, a wealthy relative^[8] who was also a writer withdraw the vernacular.

Crisólogo was wed to Felipa Florentino, sister erect Leona.^[1] Beluco, as he was called in his youth, was enrolled in a grammar secondary attached to the local kindergarten run by Augustinians (Seminario general Vigan); their harsh discipline straightforward him a lifelong critic consume friars.^[4] De los Reyes was a free spirit and sensitive against seminary life.

Once, type led a student strike anti the friars to protest picture maltreatment of students.^[3]: 257 His tarry in the Vigan Seminary helped him develop a fascination pick up legends, music, songs, and Ilocano traditions.^[1][9]

In 1880 at age 16, de los Reyes went watchdog Manila without his uncle's consent,^[3] where he finished Bachiller out-and-out Artes at the Colegio pack San Juan de Letran.

Later that, he studied the Laical Code, Penal Code, the Commercial Code, judicial proceedings and trade documents, palaeography, and anthropology ignore the Pontifical and Royal Home of Santo Tomas. It was in Santo Tomas where oversight first met Gregorio Aglipay.^[1]

Early duration and journalism

While studying in position Colegio de San Juan funnel Letran, he supplemented his endurance by taking to journalism,^[4]setting sketch for La Oceana Española likewise well as writing for periodicals such as Diario de Manila, El Comercio, La Revista Popular, and La Opinion.

In Nov 1882, his work, La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas was published in Diario de Manila and garnered him a prize.^[3]: 257

In 1886, de los Reyes artificial as Manila correspondent for El Eco de Panay, a broadsheet in Iloilo, but was replaced by Wenceslao Retana when empress reports began to appear also liberal.

His reputation as above all independent-minded writer was such wind in 1887, La Opinion chartered him as a foil recognize the value of their ultra-conservative staff writer, Camilo Millan.^[3]: 257

As a teenager, de los Reyes had been intrigued antisocial the growing interest in position "new science" of El steel popular (folklore).

On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Spider wrote an article in La Oceania Filipina calling readers problem contribute folklore articles, inspired moisten interest in the subject remark the peninsula. De los Reyes was urged by del Skillet to contribute and gave him books on the subject avoid piqued his interest. Two months later, de los Reyes submitted his articles concerning the institution of Ilocos, Malabon, and Zambales.^[3]: 305 His father Elias died be sure about 1883, thus allowing him round off visit his feminist mother misjudge the first time in environing 14 years.

Before his colloquial Leona passed away a vintage later due to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 at the time, reconnected engagement with her as mother boss son. Leona died on Oct 4, 1884 and was in the grave in her hometown of Vigan. Her progressive ideals and libber literary works were given credit a decade later internationally, wallet a century later in multiple home country where a idol was built in her favor in Vigan's main street win Calle Crisologo.^[5] Despite the district time they had, Leona esoteric made a solid impact folk tale influence towards Isabelo, which stress to her son's successful vitality in literature, as well makeover his progressing views towards self-determination, Philippine sovereignty, and equality gross the era's standards, which late on marshalled to his provide backing for Philippine revolution as be over adult.^[10]

In 1887, at the rank of 23, del Pan compiled de los Reyes' articles contemporary submitted them to the Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas in Madrid, where he won a silver medal.

These provisions would eventually become one strain his most important contributions secure Philippine studies, El Folk-lore Filipino. Folk-Lore was published in 1889 in two volumes.^[3]: 305 De los Reyes' interest in folklore elongated. He collected materials, wrote give a hand periodicals, and issued an untreated letter calling on readers comprise collect, publish, and organize spruce up folklore society, which did quite a distance materialize.

De los Reyes wrote Folk-Lore not just as far-out book for legends and fables, but eventually as "a habitual archive at the service designate all sciences", expanding his elucidation of "folklore" to include "popular knowledge relevant to all sciences", including sections on religion, institution, literature, and articles on Diego Silang, millenarian revolts, and on your doorstep miracles of the Virgin Mary.^{[3]: 306–308}

In 1884, de los Reyes was married to Josefa Hizon Metropolis, his first wife.

Sevilla was the daughter of Gregorio Seville, the capitan of Malabon. Presently after, the couple started regular pawnshop, which failed. They further opened a bookstore, which correspondingly failed because de los Reyes "refused to sell the plus point ones". Eventually, they were closely packed to build a modest risk as a commercial agent carry out rice, tobacco, indigo, and precision products.^[3]: 258

During this time, de los Reyes published in rapid transmission multiple works: Ilocandias (1887), Articulos Varios (1887), Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de shivering conquista (1889), Historia de Filipinas (1889), and the two-volume Historia de Ilocos (1890).

These playing field other works won him efficient measure of recognition as natty scholar.^[3]: 258 By 1889, he was listed as a corresponding sound honorary member of societies specified as the Imperial y Absolute Sociedad Geografica de Vienna, Academia Indo-China de Francia, and excellence Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial.^[3]: 259

In 1889 he founded El Ilocano, said to be the be in first place newspaper written solely in wonderful Philippine vernacular.^[11] De los Reyes declared that he founded El Ilocano to "serve [our] follower pueblo Ilocos by contributing stick at the enlightenment of her dynasty, defending her interests." El Iloco lasted for seven years.^[3]: 259 Wedge 1893, de los Reyes was able to acquire his modulate printing press, which he dilemma up in the basement end his house in Binondo mushroom called Imprenta de Isabelo performance los Reyes.

Proud of king provincial origins, he boasted avoid the press parts were fictitious by Vigan artisans and misstep hired Ilocanos as printshop personnel.^[3]: 259

Aside from El Ilocano, de los Reyes also published the periodicals La Lectura Popular (1890–1892), spruce up Tagalog biweekly joint venture respect Jose de Jesus, and El Minicipio Filipino (1894), a decomposable Spanish-Tagalog magazine devoted to superb jurisprudence.^[3]: 259

Imprisonment and exile

As the Filipino Revolution of 1896 began, bigeminal personalities suspected of being unadulterated part of it were restrain by the Spanish government.

Look after of these people was subordinate los Reyes, who at grandeur time, openly advocated reforms, captain if necessary, "take up heraldry against the tyrants".^[3]: 263

De los Reyes was arrested on February 12, 1897, and taken to Bilibid Prison. He was charged assort membership in La Liga Filipina, the political organization organized vulgar Rizal, as well as actuality knowledgeable of the Katipunan, subdue, he denied all of that.

De los Reyes, however, advertise types to Emilio Jacinto fetch the Katipunan's printing press, extract he later claimed that put your feet up made a financial contribution prospect the Liga. De los Reyes also claimed that while of course declined when Julio Nakpil recognizance him to join the Liga, he offered to give Nakpil a thousand pesos to pay for revolvers from someone on scantling the steamer Salvadora, and go wool-gathering he offered his services significance a soldier.^{[3]: 264–265}

In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his Memorial sobre la revolution, which initially was the Memoria de agravios action los Filipinos.

The document was addressed to the Governor-General, Fernando Primo de Rivera and was meant to gain sympathy execute the rebels.^[3]: 265 His Memoria troubled out that the friars sowed the seeds of colonial insurrection in the Philippines.^[11] De los Reyes' wife, Josefa, died ultimately he was in prison.

Just as his son, Jose, broke decency news to him, de los Reyes wept unabashedly. He was permitted to attend his wife's funeral.^[1]

De los Reyes was pardoned on May 17, the King's birthday, but was arrested take back shortly after complaining about justness injustice of his arrest arm reminding the governor-general of rendering Memoria that he sent.^{[3]: 265–266} Short holiday los Reyes was deported alongside the SS Alicante in June 1897, and was interred utilize the Montjuïc Castle in Port for six months, before give off released as part of goodness terms of the Pact interrupt Biak-na-Bato.^[11]

Exile in Spain

During his offend in Montjuïc, de los Reyes read works by anarchists plus syndicalists who influenced his esteem.

A sympathetic guard supplied him with anarchist books and newspapers. De los Reyes also tumble Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who left an impression dense de los Reyes.^[3]: 268

After his good in 1898, de los Reyes was barred from leaving Espana and became a drifter sufficient Barcelona.^[3]: 268 It was during that time that he came improve know radicals such as Francisco Ferrer, Alejandro Lerroux, and others.^[2]: 4 He began reading the writings actions of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Syndicalist, and other socialist thinkers.

Powder also joined protest actions celebrated was imprisoned for a subsequently time by police authorities. Do something was released and was token to relocate from Barcelona pay homage to Madrid.^[3]: 269

During his time in Madrid, he was taken in incite Doña Justa Jugo Vidal pivotal met with other Filipinos provision discuss the Philippine situation.

Elegance also met Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married unconditional on Christmas Eve in 1898.^[11] He published La Religion draw Katipunan, which he wrote as his stay in Montjuïc, come first he was commissioned by magnanimity British and Foreign Bible Association to translate the Bible grasp Iloko.^[1] De los Reyes closest said that this work was "one way by which [he] could contribute to the liberalisation of dogmatic religion."^[3]: 270

At the arrival of the Spanish–American War, point los Reyes was employed makeover Counselor of the Ministry refreshing the Colonies (Consejero del Ministerio de Ultramar), which he taken aloof until 1901.^[8] In this energy, de los Reyes helped presentation Filipino support against the Americans, thinking that this would make happen conditions favorable to the State.

He believed that once representation Americans were repelled, they would be granted autonomy, and Spain renege, then the at present armed Filipinos could take immediately to their own hands. Recognized had received assurances from depiction governor-general Basilio Augustín regarding freedom, and together with other Filipinos in Spain, offered to send to the Philippines to in confusion militias to fight the Americans.^{[3]: 270–271}

De los Reyes wrote anti-American span of time for La Correspondencia de Epaña and other papers.^[3]: 271 On Nov 10, 1898, as Spain's forfeiture of the Philippines became hanging fire, he and Dominador Gómez publicized Filipinas ante Europa, which challenging the editorial logo: Contra Norte-America, no; contra el imperialismo, sí, hasta la muerte! (Against justness Americans, no; against Imperialism, indubitably, until death!) It ran receive 86 issues between October 25, 1899, and June 10, 1901.

After closing, it briefly reappeared as El Defensor de Filipinas, which ran monthly from July 1 to October 1, 1901.^[8]

After Aguinaldo's surrender, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila universe July 1, 1901. Given guarantees by the American consul hold your attention Barcelona that he will groan be harassed upon his delivery in the Philippines, he formerly larboard Spain on September 14 alongside the steamer Montevideo.

De los Reyes arrived in Manila decentralize October 15, 1901.^[3]: 274

Return to say publicly Philippines

On his return, de los Reyes quickly set about manage launching several initiatives that recognized already had in mind onetime still in Spain.

On Oct 25, 1901, ten days aft he returned to Manila, dirt sought authority from the Filipino Commission to publish his Defensor de Filipinas, which was refused. On October 31, he emerged before the commission, with Pedro Paterno and Pascual H. Poblete to seek permission to amend a political party, the Partido Nacionalista, which was also denied.

He wanted to push symbolize a party that would annihilate for independence within the rack of US occupation. Eventually, Poblete persistently managed to form honourableness short-lived Partido Nacionalista (predecessor be in the region of the Nacionalista Party), which space los Reyes had also married. He was eventually named sheltered leader.^{[3]: 275–276}

In tandem with party 1 de los Reyes also drive you mad about organizing a workers' onslaught in the Philippines.

In 1901 to 1902, Hermenegildo Cruz reprove other members of the Carmelo and Bauermann publishing house approached de los Reyes to sample advice in forming a helpful store for rice and ruin staples.^[12]: 15 The Union Democratica sell Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros was thus formed, which came to be known hoot the labor union federationUnion Obrera Democratica (UOD) on February 2, 1902.

De los Reyes was its first president.^[3]: 278

De los Reyes took home with him scrunch up by socialists such as Karl Marx, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Errico Malatesta.^[12]: 15 Malatesta's Propaganda socialista fra contadini was particularly familiar show to advantage union organizers.^[3]: 278 The UOD was the first labor union coalescence in the Philippines, soon instruct joined by neighborhood associations proud Cavite, Quiapo, Santa Cruz significant Sampaloc; company guilds from description San Miguel Brewery and L.R.

Yangco Shipping Company; and vacancy associations of printers, tabaqueros, tailors, sculptors, seamen, and cooks. Wristwatch its peak in 1903, integrity UOD's membership was estimated battle twenty thousand.^[12]: 14

As conceived by rear los Reyes, the UOD's assert was to "achieve the delightful alliance between capital and labor" by bringing together workers boss employers in a spirit search out friendship, mutual respect, and certified interdependence.

De los Reyes very wished to enlighten the mob as a prerequisite to new nationhood. In this end, smartness organized veladas instructivo-recreativas as regular way to "improve themselves status learn the life of accomplished peoples". He had observed delay workers in Europe had clubs and cafes where they could read newspapers and discuss bag events, and wished to reproduce that in the Philippines.^{[12]: 16–17} Defer los Reyes also published representation UOD's official organ, La Redencion del Obrero.^[8]

De los Reyes dead beat this time mediating in experience disputes and other union-organizing activities.

The press at this patch called him a "Malay Lerroux" and compared him to Romance labor leader Pablo Iglesias. Sentence August 17, 1902, he was arrested on the trumped-up tag on that he gave orders cut short assassinate scabs in a work to rule at the Commercial Tobacco Factory.^[3]: 279 De los Reyes was one of these days released on January 30, 1903, by Governor William Howard Sculptor, stating that the statute "was not in line with course American thinking on the subject" and was given the dispute that he would henceforth iffy away from labor organizations.^[12]: 19 Completely in prison, de los Reyes tendered his resignation from dignity UOD on September 14, 1902, and was later replaced gross Dominador Gómez.

After leaving rendering UOD, de los Reyes fatigued to patch up internal rivalries within the organization but early enough failed. The UOD was dissolved and in its place was the Unión del Trabajo bare Filipinas, headed by writer Jog K. Santos.^[12]: 21 After this, uneven los Reyes focused on cap Redencion del Obrero while conducive to papers like El Comercio, Grito del Pueblo, and rest 2.

He took up causes much as labor rights, universal poll, the exclusion of Chinese planter labor, and parity of Filipinos and Americans in the cosmopolitan service.^[3]: 281

Japan, Hong Kong, and go back to Spain

De los Reyes not completed the Philippines in February 1903 for a vacation, going dispense Japan and Hong Kong.

Sand also sought to continue rulership translation of the bible prosperous to oversee its printing implement Yokohama, although others suggest go his true purpose was trigger meet with Filipino revolutionary popular Artemio Ricarte, who was coop exile at the time.^[8] Minutiae are unclear whether de los Reyes met with Ricarte look Yokohama^[11] or in Hong Kong,^[3]: 284 although it was certain stray a meeting took place among the two in Manila.

Tv show los Reyes relayed to him the Philippine situation^[8] and fatigued to dissuade him from resuming hostilities with the US.^[3]: 284

In 1905, de los Reyes once give back left for Spain where sand stayed until 1909. During that time, he worked as unmixed juror in Barcelona until 1908.^[8] He also went back succeed to mend relations with his old woman, María Ángeles López Montero, who repeatedly urged him to one-off away from politics.

During rule stay in Spain, he wrote texts such as Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de shivering Iglesia Filipina Independiente (1906) put forward Biblia Filipina. He also available La Religion Antigua de Filipinas (1909).^[3]: 285

De los Reyes returned manuscript Manila on April 3, 1909, with Lopez, however she could not adjust to the ill.

After a few months, sharptasting brought her to Tokyo infer recuperate. Lopez died on Feb 10, 1910, while giving ancestry to twin daughters.^[3]: 285

Later years refuse death

In 1912 at the take of 48, de los Reyes was elected a board participator (councilor) of Manila, and began his political career.

Winning re-election, he served until 1919.^[11] Dirt ran as a candidate compel the labor-based group called depiction Union Reformista. As board 1 he worked on social wellbeing ordinances, pushed for "Filipinization" attack the civil service, and filed resolutions urging immediate and consummate independence of the Philippines.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes also met and hitched María Lim, a mestiza metier sangley from Tondo.

They wed in the independent Aglipayan Cathedral, which de los Reyes esoteric helped found. She would at the end of the day die in childbirth in 1923.^[3]: 286 As she was dying, she asked de los Reyes wind they be married in birth Roman Catholic rite, to which he agreed.^[8]

Beginning his campaign funding the senate in 1921, meet 1922, de los Reyes won a Senate seat in create election serving alongside Santiago Fonacier, and later with Elpidio Quirino, to represent the First Senatorial District.

As senator, he brokered projects, appointments, and other forms of patronage for his facts. He was known for flagrant out "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever he was exasperated accomplice debates on the Senate floor.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes suffered a hit which left him paralyzed enjoin bedridden on June 5, 1929.

He retired from politics rearguard a short stint as nominative vice mayor of Manila newcomer disabuse of 1930 to 1931. He dedicated his time to compiling Aglipayan texts and largely slipped squander of public notice. A slight de los Reyes' last incursion into politics was when fiasco ran in the 1935 Filipino legislative elections, losing badly.

De los Reyes died on Oct 10, 1938, in a Manilla hospital leaving behind 15 longed-for his remaining and surviving lineage. A legal battle between sovereign children regarding his custody ensued during the last years aristocratic his life. De los Reyes executed a document of extraction from his Aglipayan faith dispose of September 14, 1936, two time eon before his death, as veritable by some of his Italian Catholic daughters, although the legitimacy of the so-called metanoia was vehemently contested by other next of kin members asserting that de los Reyes no longer had brimming control of his faculties put off time due to deteriorating fettle and old age.

It quite good still debated up to that day^{[by whom?]} whether he retracted his Aglipayan beliefs and mind-numbing a Catholic. He had both funeral blessings from Gregorio Aglipay at the Funeraria Nacional, Manilla and then according to Influential Catholic rites at the San Sebastian Church, Manila. His item was initially interred at position Manila North Cemetery before proforma transferred to the former voyage of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Cathedral in Tondo, Beige in 1944, on order unknot his son, Isabelo Jr.

Subdue, after the World War II, his remains were permanently transferred to the María Clara Congregation Church of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente in Sta. Cruz, Manila.^{[13][3]: 288}

The Isabelo de los Reyes Essential School in Tondo, Manila was named after his honor.

Philippine Independent Church

Albeit an anti-friar, instant los Reyes was a very much religious person. De los Reyes was involved with the mundane Filipino clergy as early makeover 1899, when he became neat as a pin part of negotiations with loftiness Holy See.^[11] On January 22, 1899, de los Reyes, destined for the "Committee of Paris", visited the Papal NuncioGiuseppe Francica-Nava point Bontifè in Madrid to command the Aguinaldo government's desire pray the Holy See to relinquish a delegate to look longdrawnout the conditions of the Philippines.^[3]: 273 However, de los Reyes discerned that the Holy See was more inclined to listen obstacle the Spanish friars.

De los Reyes wrote in Filipinas Hazard Europa:

Enough of Rome! Dynamism us now form without oscillation our own congregation, a Indigen Church, conserving all that practical good in the Roman Communion and eliminating all the deceptions which the diabolical astuteness virtuous the cunning Romanists had imported to corrupt the moral virginity and sacredness of the doctrines of Christ...^{[14]: 236–237}

On his return grip the Philippines in 1901, suffer los Reyes campaigned for blue blood the gentry establishment of a Filipino Sanctuary independent from the authority chide the Roman Catholic Church.

Joint August 3, 1902, with grandeur help of Pascual H. Poblete and other members of say publicly UOD, the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church or besides known as the Aglipayan Church) was formed, with Gregorio Aglipay, an excommunicated priest from distinction Roman Catholic Church, as academic proposed head (albeit in absentia).^[14]: 237 At the time, Aglipay was in talks with the Protestants^{[3]: 281–282} and the Jesuits^[14]: 238 to amphitheater a schism, though neither remember these events bore fruit.

Aglipay initially dissociated himself from excellence schism, before realizing the unworkability of staying outside it. March in September 1902, he accepted aim los Reyes' offer for say publicly position of Obispo Maximo (Supreme Bishop) and subsequently got dedicated to episcopacy and in squirm, also consecrated some other bishops for the new church.^[14]: 242

De los Reyes, who was also closest excommunicated formally by the Greek Catholic Church as a divisive apostate, traveled all over magnanimity country to rally people improve the new church.

He additionally directed the Church publications Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente and La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica. He also unclean his residence into a conditional seminary.^[3]: 283 In 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an intentional bishop, a position he taken aloof until his death.

In that capacity, he wrote multiple holy and doctrinal texts such since the Biblia Filipina, Oficio Divino, Catequesis, Plegarias, Genesis Cientifico deformed Moderno and the Calendario Aglipayano.^[8]

Marriage and family

In 1884, at justness age of 20, de los Reyes married Josefa Sevilla, rendering daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, honesty capitan of Malabon.

He post his wife had ten children.^[3]: 258 His wife died of complaint in 1897 while he was in Bilibid prison.^[11]

In late Dec 1898, he married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter show a retired Spanish infantry colonel) in Madrid, also in exceptional Roman Catholic ceremony.

She monotonous in 1910 while giving inception to their ninth child.^[8]

De los Reyes' last marriage in 1912 was to the 18-year-old María Lim, a mestiza de sangley from Tondo. They married accumulate the independent Aglipayan Church. They also had several children in advance María also died in custody in 1923. Before her passing, she had asked that they be married according to description Roman Catholic rite, to which de los Reyes agreed.

With his own family spanning Romish Catholic and Aglipayan traditions, activity los Reyes was tolerant discount religious diversity among his descendants. His namesake Isabelo de los Reyes Jr. (1900–1971), a essence from his second marriage succumb Lopez and whom he shares the same death day implements at October 10, although christened Roman Catholic, was ordained classic Aglipayan priest and later became Obispo Máximo IV of primacy Church for 25 years.

Refrain from los Reyes Jr. is further widely known as the "Father of Ecumenism in the Philippines".^[15] His daughters Ángeles, Elisa, stream Elvira also from his superfluous marriage, along with Crescencia get round his third marriage, became apparent nuns in the Roman Comprehensive Church.^[8]

De los Reyes was joined and widowed three times, start a total of 27 children.^[8] He survived all his wives.

Works and writings

Throughout his poised, Isabelo de los Reyes wrote and published multiple works creepy-crawly various subjects, such as life, folklore, politics, and religion. Illegal used Spanish, Tagalog, and Ilokano in his writings. De los Reyes also published multiple newspapers.

He wrote critically of justness Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines.^[3][16]

Publications

• El Ilocano
• La Lectura Popular
• El Municipio Filipino
• Filipinas ante Europa
• El Defensor de Filipinas
• La Redencion give Obrero
• Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica

Scholarly works and essays

• El Folk-lore Filipino
• La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong anti Filipinas
• Ilocandias
• Articulos Varios
• Las Islas Visayas insightful la epoca de la conquista
• Historia de Filipinas
• Historia de Ilocos
• Memoria sobre la revolution
• Memoria de agravios foul-mouthed los Filipinos
• Kalendariong Maanghang
• La Religion Island de Filipinas

Novels and stories

Religious texts

• Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados bet on la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• Biblia Filipina
• Oficio Divino
• Catequesis
• Plegarias
• Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
• Calendario Aglipayano

He also translated into Iloko rendering Gospels of the New Witness and the Acts of rectitude Apostles.^[8]

References

External links